[Answered]: A client visits the health clinic and reports…

A client visits the health clinic and reports increasing urinary frequency, dribbling, and nocturia. The client is scheduled for diagnostic tests to detect benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Problem Set 1 Clinical Manifestations 1. The nurse questions the client about other symptoms they may be experiencing. Which assessment findings warrants immediate intervention by the nurse? (Select all that apply.) A. Hesitancy when starting the urine stream. B. Decrease in the size and force of urine stream. C. Sudden painful inability to urinate. D. Painful, frequent urination. E. Frequent urination, including nocturia. —————————- 2. The nurse initiates a focused physical examination to further investigate the client’s symptoms. Which assessment finding would indicate that the client is experiencing urinary retention related to BPH? (Select all that apply.) A. Presence of a bruit auscultated over the renal artery. B. Complaints of flank pain on gentle palpation. C. Observance of bladder distention. D. Bladder is above the symphysis pubis when gently palpated. E. Observance of dribbling after voiding. ——————————————————————- 3. The client tells the nurse that he has cut back on drinking fluids to reduce symptoms. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide to the client? A. Restrict fluid intake until test results are back. B. Increase the intake of diuretic-type fluids, such as coffee or tea, to increase urine flow. C. Consider taking an over the counter (OTC) herbal supplement. D. Increase fluid intake to decrease the risk of developing a urinary tract infection. ———————————— Problem Set 2 Diagnostic Tests 4. The client is scheduled for a digital rectal exam, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, urinalysis, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The client states that he has had the rectal exam and PSA levels done before for prostate screening. He asks why the other lab tests (creatinine and BUN levels) are necessary. Which information is most important for the nurse to include when explaining the need for these tests? (Select all that apply.) A. Advise the client that normal kidney function will confirm prostate is not enlarged. B. Explain to the client how repeat tests are needed to evaluate evidence of dehydration that mimics BPH symptoms. C. Emphasize to the client that prostate enlargement may result in renal damage which these tests will evaluate. D. Inform the client that repeat testing is necessary as an enlarged prostate gland blocks urine flow and causes kidney damage. E. Advise the client that it is protocol for the healthcare provider (HCP) to conduct then recheck tests to compare previous results. 5. The client’s prostate specific antigen (PSA) level is 8 ug/mL (8 ng/mL) , normal is 0-4 ug/mL (0.4 – 4 ng/mL). The client appears distressed and worried he has prostate cancer and wants to know if that is why he is having these symptoms. Which intervention should the nurse implement to address the client’s concern? A. Inform the client that this information is often too complicated for a layperson to understand. B. Provide resource material to explain PSA testing and meaning of results. C. Explain that PSA levels can be elevated with gland enlargement, as well as cancer, so more tests are needed. D. Notify the healthcare provider to discuss the results with the client